Base
The base is usually an oil. It adds richness, helps carry flavor, and provides satisfying texture. Extra virgin olive oil is a great choice because it adds bold flavor and healthy fats. You can also try avocado oil, flaxseed oil, or hemp oil.
Acid
The acid brightens the dressing and helps balance the richness of the oil. It also brings out the flavor of the other ingredients. Good choices include apple cider vinegar, fresh lemon juice, fresh lime juice, balsamic vinegar, coconut vinegar, brown rice vinegar, or red wine vinegar.
Emulsifier or Thickening Agent
This helps the dressing blend together more smoothly. Dijon mustard is one of the easiest and most flavorful options. Other good choices include tahini, avocado, chia seeds, ground flaxseed, honey, or maple syrup.
A common starting point is 1 part acid to 3 parts oil, although some people prefer a 1 to 2 ratio for a brighter, tangier flavor. From there, you can adjust to your taste.
Add herbs, spices, garlic, or a pinch of salt and pepper to make it your own.